Extensive renal sinus lipomatosis in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis simulating liposarcoma

ABSTRACT Renal replacement lipomatosis is a condition characterized by varying degrees of renal parenchymal atrophy and perirenal fibrofatty proliferation secondary to chronic inflammation such as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. In severe cases, imaging findings can be misdiagnosed as retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa en adultos: presentación de 15 casos clínicos / Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in adults: presentation of 15 clinical cases

Reportar nuestra experiencia en pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa (PXG), para contribuir al conocimiento de la misma. Material y métodos: análisis retrospectivo de las nefrectomías de los pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de PXG, entre los años 2002 y 2010. Resultados: se estudiaron 15 casos, 12 mujeres y 3 varones, con una edad promedio de 46,7 años. Todos los pacientes presentaron evolución crónica, malestar general, dolor abdominal y/o lumbar. La fiebre, palidez conjuntival, presencia de litiasis renal y pérdida de peso, fueron síntomas frecuentes. El laboratorio de sangre mostró eritrosedimentación muy incrementada y leucocitosis. La orina se presentó con sedimento alterado mostrando: hematuria, piuria y bacteriuria. En menos de la mitad de los casos el urocultivo presentó desarrollo y en algunas oportunidades con flora polimicrobiana y discrepancia en las recuperaciones por nefrostomías y cultivos convencionales. Los estudios por imágenes mostraron un riñón aumentado de tamaño, con presencia de litiasis en su mayoría y diversas alteraciones estructurales. Conclusiones: la PXG es una enfermedad infrecuente, crónica, benigna infecciosa e inflamatoria que afecta al parénquima renal. Poses predilección por el sexo femenino de mediana edad. El diagnóstico se efectúa ante la sospecha clínica, los estudios de laboratorio, de imágenes y se confirma con la histopatología. El tratamiento definitivo es la nefrectomía...

To report our experience, to contribute to the knowledge about, Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGP). Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the nephrectomy of patients with histopathological diagnosis of XGP, between 2002 and 2010. Results: We studied 15 cases, 12 women and 3 men, with an avergage age of 46.7 years. All patientes had chronic evolution, malaise, abdominal pain and/or lumbar spine. Fever, pallor, presence of kidney stones and weight loss were common symptoms. Blood laboratory presented increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocytosis. The urine was presented showing altered sediment, hematuria, pyuria and bacteriuria. In less than half of the cases the urine culture showed developed, sometimes with polymicrobial flora and discrepancy in recoveries by nephrostomy and conventional cultures. Imaging studies showed an increased kidney size, resence of stones in the most cases and various structural abnormalities. Conclusions: XGP is rare, chronic, infectious and inflammatory beningn disease that affects renal parenchyma and usually presents in middle-aged female. Diagnosis is suspected by clinic, laboratory, imaging studies, and confirmed by histopathology. Nephrectomy is the definitive treatment...

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa / Diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

La pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa es una enfermedad inflamatoria-infecciosa crónica que involucra el riñón. Generalmente se presenta en adultos, más comúnmente en las mujeres jóvenes, y se asocia con litiasis. En la mayoría de los casos es unilateral y se acompaña de destrucción parcial o total del parénquima renal. Los hallazgos más frecuentes del examen físico son: fiebre, dolor lumbar o abdominal o ambos, masa palpable, pérdida de peso y antecedentes de infecciones urinarias recurrentes. La tomografía computarizada es el método más comúnmente empleado para su diagnóstico. Inicialmente se la puede confundir con un tumor. En los análisis de laboratorio se observa anemia, eritrosedimentación muy acelerada, leucocitosis y piuria en el sedimento urinario. El diagnóstico de certeza es el histopatológico. El tratamiento antibiótico evita las complicaciones sépticas, pero la terapia de elección es la nefrectomía total o parcial. Nuestro objetivo es actualizar esta enfermedad infrecuente, tanto en sus formas de presentación, fisiopatogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, como su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in Korean Children

PURPOSE: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is rare among children. In most cases, XGP is diffusely or focally enlarged, mimicking the neoplastic process. The aim of this study was to examine clinical characteristics and outcomes of Korean children with XGP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen children (9 boys, 5 girls) with XGP were reviewed retrospectively. The cohort included 2 children managed at our institution and 12 children reported in the Korean literature. The patients' records were reviewed with respect to age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, management method, and other characteristic features. RESULTS: The mean age was 79.4+/-66.5 months (range 1-168 months). Common clinical presentations included fever (85.7%), abdominal pain (57.1%), and palpable mass (28.6%). Laboratory abnormalities included leukocytosis (57.1%), anemia (57.1%), and pyuria (57.1%). The types of XGP that were diagnosed based on preoperative radiologic studies included the focal form in 9 children and the diffuse form in 5. Thirteen children underwent nephrectomy, and 1 child received conservative medical therapy. CONCLUSION: The possibility of XGP should be considered if a child is diagnosed with a renal mass, especially if it is a small renal mass associated with fever, leukocytosis, or stone. Nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for the diffuse form, whereas partial nephrectomy or conservative medical therapy may be indicated to manage focal XGP.

Emphysematous and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: rare diagnosis

Pyelonephritis is a pyogenic infection of renal parenchyma that involves the renal pelvis. It is generally of easy diagnosis. The present case report aims to describe two different manifestations of this infection: xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelonephritis, which have poor prognosis and require a more effective treatment. The two cases were women in the fiftieth and sixtieth decade of life, with diabetes mellitus and history of weight loss. The diagnosis of the renal infection was established through computed tomography and the treatment was based in surgical procedure, with favorable outcome.

Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa: conceptos actuales en el diagnóstico y tratamiento / Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: current concepts of diagnosis and treatment

Introducción: La Pielonefritis Xantogranulomatosa (PNF XG) es una patología de baja prevalencia, frecuentemente asociada a litiasis y destrucción del parénquima renal. Dada la gran masificación de la tomografía axial computada su diagnóstico y manejo es cada vez más precoz disminuyendo así la morbi-mortalidad perioperatoria. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia de nuestro servicio en PNF XG y realizar un análisis de la literatura sobre los conceptos actuales en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta patología. Materiales y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de todas la nefrectomías totales realizadas en nuestro servicio entre los años 2000 y 2007. Se incluyeron sólo las piezas con el diagnóstico histológico de PNF XG. Resultados: Se encontraron 11 casos con el diagnóstico histológico de PNF XG. La edad promedio de presentación fue de 54 años con una leve tendencia al sexo femenino. En todos los pacientes se encontró una historia actual o reciente de litiasis urinaria. En todos los casos se realizó un estudio imagenológico preoperatorio, siendo 9 de ellos estudiados con TAC de abdomen y encontrándose la presencia de litiasis en 7 pacientes. Todos los pacientes fueron manejados mediante una nefrectomía total por lumbotomía, sin registrarse mortalidad. Conclusiones: La PNF XG constituye un desafío en sí misma. A pesar de ser una patología rara y de difícil diagnóstico, una cuidadosa evaluación preoperatoria y alto índice de sospecha, pueden ayudarnos a realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y realizar el manejo más adecuado, disminuyendo así las complicaciones perioperatorias.

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XG PNF) is a low prevalence disease, often associated with lithiasis and renal parenchymal destruction. The wide availability of tomographic (CT) diagnosis allows for frequent early management decreasing perioperative morbidity and mortality. We describe the experience at our institution in XG PNF and perform an analysis of the literature onthe current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of all nephrectomies performed at our department between 2000 and 2007. Only surgical specimens with histological diagnosis of XG PNF were included. Results: We found 11 cases with histologic diagnosis of XG PNF. Average age of presentation was 54 years with a slight tendency towards females. All patients had a current or recent history of urolithiasis. In all cases a preoperative imaging study was made, 9 of them were studied with abdominal CT scan and found the presence of stones in 7 patients. All patients were treated by an open total nephrectomy without mortality. Conclusions: The XG PNF is a challenge in itself. Despite being infrequent and difficult to diagnosis, a careful preoperative evaluation and a high index of suspicion can help to make an early diagnosis and management, thus reducing perioperative complications.

[Family transmission of atopic organ manifestations and allergen sensitizing in 659 Tunisian families]

Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an atypical form of chronic renal infection. It is frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively because of its resemblance to malignancy. We report on a fifty-year-old woman who presented with a right kidney mass. The CT scan showed a solid renal mass with a lithiasis of the upper ureter. The diagnosis of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was suspected by clinical and radiological findings and confirmed by histopathologic examination of percutaneous biopsy specimens of the lesion. Successful treatment of the patient was achieved with removal of the lithiasis and antibiotic therapy during eight weeks. Three months later the CT scan was completely normal. The conservative treatment of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis makes possible to avoid a needless nephrectomy usually on young patients. However a close follow-up must be undergone on these patients because of the possible association of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal cell carcinoma of the kidney

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis due to calculi: report of 63 cases and review of literature

To examine the relationship between clinical history and results of renal investigations in patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A retrospective review was conducted on 63 cases presenting with histopathological diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis between 1995 to 2002, at the department of Urology, Bolan Medical College and Sandeman Provincial Teaching Hospital Quetta. There were 26 males and 37 females having an average follow up of two years. Positive findings on examination and investigations at presentation were fever and flank pain in 59 [93.6%] patients and pyuria in 34 [53.9%] patients. All the patients had renal and ureteric calculi with no or severe reduction in the function of the affected kidney on DTPA scan. Hypertrophy of the contra lateral kidney was seen in 56[88.8%] patients. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a common entity in this part of the world. Late referral leads to loss of the kidney. Pre-operative diagnosis of the condition is desirable and if surgery is mandatory then all infected tissues have to be removed

Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa asociada a flora polimicrobiana / Xantothogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with polymicrobian flora

La pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa (PX) es una rara infección crónica y severa del parénquima renal. Debido a que sus manifestaciones simulan una neoplasia, el diagnóstico preoperatorio es dificultoso. Habitualmente se asocia a infección bacteriana monomicrobiana. Nosotros comunicamos el caso de PX asociada a infección polimicrobiana, una de las cuales es un microorganismo anaeróbico

Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa: comunicación de tres casos en Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México / Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis: report of three cases in Tepatitlán, Jalisco

Se presentan tres casos de pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa, dos varones con litiadis coraliforme (uno de ellos diabético), y el tercero, una mujer diabética sin litiasis. Los estudios de imágenes aportaron datos suficientes para establecer el diagnóstico preoperatorio primario de pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa. El tratamiento consistió en triple esquema de antibióticos, y nefrectomía con drenaje

Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa: Problema de diagnóstico clínico / Pyelonephritis xantogranulomatous: A clinical diagnostic problem

Se presenta un caso de pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa, ocurrido en un hospital general de mujeres. Se hace énfasis en el diagnóstico clínico diferencial, la histopatología, y la posibilidad del tratamiento médico oportuno por medio del conocimiento de la enfermedad y el diagnóstico por imágenes.

Pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa: relato de cinco casos e revisäo da literatura / Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: report of five cases and review of the literature

Os autores descrevem cinco casos de pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa em mulheres com idades variando entre 22 e 67 anos e fazem uma revisäo da literatura a respeito dessa instigante afecçäo. Uma paciente (caso 3) apresentou-se em franca insuficiência renal e com sinais de doença bilateral. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à nefrectomia. Em dois casos (4 e 5) suspeitou-se do diagnóstico no pré-operatório: ambas as pacientes exibiam uma massa no flanco esquerdo acompanhada, no caso 4, de um extenso derrame pleural ipsilateral e, no caso 5, de drenagem de material purulento ao nível da regiäo lombar. No caso 1, no sexto dia pós-operatório, desenvolveu-se uma fístula estercoral, fazendo-se necessária a realizaçäo de uma colostomia transversa seguida, nove meses depois, da reconstituiçäo do trânsito intestinal.

Pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa / Pyelonephritis xanthogranulomatous

O autor relata um caso de pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa e revisa a literatura referente ao assunto.

Prostatitis xantogranulomatosa: informe del caso de dos pacientes y revisión de la literatura / Xantogranulomatous prostatitis: report of two cases and review of the literature

Se dan a conocer dos casos de una rara variante de prostatitis granulomatosa de la que hasta la fecha se han comunicado seis casos en la literatura mundial. Esta afección poco frecuente se caracteriza por el reemplazo del tejido prostático normal por nódulos formados por histiocitos con infiltración grasa, al parecer como reacción a un estímulo inflamatorio crónico. Se comunican estos dos casos por su escasa prevalencia, así como por la dificultad que representan para la diferenciación clínica con el carcinoma de la próstata

Pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa em rim em ferradura: relato de um caso / Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a horseshoe kidney: a case report

Os autores descrevem um caso de pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa em rim em ferradura numa paciente de 8 anos de idade. Na revisäo da literatura recente os casos dessa doença predominam em adultos, na quarta e quinta décadas, sendo ressaltada a baixa incidência em crianças, bem como a inexistência de relatos da associaçäo de rim em ferradura com pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa. Foi enfatizada a utilizaçäo de diversos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem e a associaçäo com a história clínica e exames laboratoriais para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo, que em alguns casos só pode ser definido após o tratamento cirúrgico e o exame histopatológico